Instalacija Drupal 9 na Centos 8

In today’s guide we will cover how to install Drupal 9 CMS on CentOS 8 Linux system. Drupal is an open source content management system that enables content creators to build amazing digital experience. With Drupal it becomes easy to create a new website and add, edit, publish, or remove content all on a web browser. The Drupal software is written in PHP and distributed under the GNU General Public License.

Most of the features of Drupal 9 came from the improvements of Drupal 8 and new additional features. Some features of Drupal CMS are:

  • Layout Builder: Allows content editors to design pages without engineering help
  • API-first architecture: Enables building robust decoupled and headless applications
  • Media Library: Makes the management of images, video, and other assets easier than ever before.
  • Automated updates
  • New admin interface and default theme

How To Install Drupal 9 CMS on CentOS 8

Before you start the installation of Drupal 9 CMS on CentOS 8 take note of below new requirements.

 
  • PHP >=7.3
  • MySQL or Percona, version >=5.7.8
  • MariaDB >=10.3.7
  • PostgreSQL >=10

If you follow below steps keenly you should have a working Drupal 9 CMS installed on your CentOS 8 server.

Step 1: Update System

Ensure your system is updated to the latest release:

sudo dnf -y update && sudo systemctl reboot

Once the server has come up login again and confirm updates were applied.

$ ssh username@serverip

Step 2: Install MariaDB database on CentOS 8

There are many databases that can be used by Drupal. My database of choice is MariaDB.

Run these commands to install MariaDB database server on CentOS 8 Linux.

sudo dnf -y install @mariadb

Start and enable the service after installation.

sudo systemctl enable --now mariadb

Confirm the service is in running state:

$ systemctl status mariadb
● mariadb.service - MariaDB 10.3 database server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Sat 2020-06-27 00:59:27 CEST; 33s ago
     Docs: man:mysqld(8)
           https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/systemd/
  Process: 3945 ExecStartPost=/usr/libexec/mysql-check-upgrade (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 3811 ExecStartPre=/usr/libexec/mysql-prepare-db-dir mariadb.service (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 3786 ExecStartPre=/usr/libexec/mysql-check-socket (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 3913 (mysqld)
   Status: "Taking your SQL requests now..."
    Tasks: 30 (limit: 24403)
   Memory: 85.3M
   CGroup: /system.slice/mariadb.service
           └─3913 /usr/libexec/mysqld --basedir=/usr
......

Secure your database server by setting root password, disabling root remote logins and removing test databases that we don’t need.

$ sudo mysql_secure_installation

NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB
      SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE!  PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!

In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current
password for the root user.  If you've just installed MariaDB, and
you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank,
so you should just press enter here.

Enter current password for root (enter for none): 
OK, successfully used password, moving on...

Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MariaDB
root user without the proper authorisation.

Set root password? [Y/n] y
New password: 
Re-enter new password: 
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
 ... Success!


By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for
them.  This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother.  You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.

Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y
 ... Success!

Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'.  This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.

Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] y
 ... Success!

By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access.  This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.

Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] y
 - Dropping test database...
 ... Success!
 - Removing privileges on test database...
 ... Success!

Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.

Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y
 ... Success!

Cleaning up...

All done!  If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB
installation should now be secure.

Thanks for using MariaDB!

Test that you can login to database as root user with password set

$ mysql -u root -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 16
Server version: 10.3.17-MariaDB MariaDB Server

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]> 

Step 3: Create Drupal Database

A database and user is required by Drupal CMS to be functional. Open MariaDB shell.

$ mysql -u root -p

Create database and user for Drupal.

CREATE DATABASE drupal;
GRANT ALL ON drupal.* TO 'drupal'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'Str0ngDrupaLP@SS';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
\q

Step 4: Install PHP 7.3 and Apache Web Server

Install PHP on CentOS 8 Linux:

sudo dnf module disable php:7.2
sudo dnf module enable php:7.3
sudo dnf -y install php php-{cli,fpm,gd,mysqlnd,mbstring,json,common,dba,dbg,devel,embedded,enchant,bcmath,gmp,intl,ldap,odbc,pdo,opcache,pear,pgsql,process,recode,snmp,soap,xml,xmlrpc}

Confirm PHP version:

$ php -v
PHP 7.3.5 (cli) (built: Apr 30 2019 08:37:17) ( NTS )
Copyright (c) 1997-2018 The PHP Group
Zend Engine v3.3.5, Copyright (c) 1998-2018 Zend Technologies
    with Zend OPcache v7.3.5, Copyright (c) 1999-2018, by Zend Technologies

Install Apache web server.

sudo dnf -y install httpd

Set PHP Timezone and memory limit.

$ sudo vim /etc/php.ini
memory_limit = 256M
date.timezone = Africa/Nairobi

Start both httpd and php-fpm services.

sudo systemctl enable --now httpd php-fpm

Check if services are running:

$ systemctl status httpd php-fpm
● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
  Drop-In: /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service.d
           └─php-fpm.conf
   Active: active (running) since Sat 2020-06-27 01:08:32 CEST; 1min 38s ago
     Docs: man:httpd.service(8)
 Main PID: 5317 (httpd)
   Status: "Running, listening on: port 80"
    Tasks: 213 (limit: 24403)
   Memory: 25.5M
   CGroup: /system.slice/httpd.service
           ├─5317 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─5319 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─5320 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─5321 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           └─5322 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND

Jun 27 01:08:32 centos.computingforgeeks.com systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server...
Jun 27 01:08:32 centos.computingforgeeks.com systemd[1]: Started The Apache HTTP Server.
Jun 27 01:08:32 centos.computingforgeeks.com httpd[5317]: Server configured, listening on: port 80

● php-fpm.service - The PHP FastCGI Process Manager
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/php-fpm.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Sat 2020-06-27 01:08:32 CEST; 1min 38s ago
 Main PID: 5318 (php-fpm)
   Status: "Processes active: 0, idle: 5, Requests: 0, slow: 0, Traffic: 0req/sec"
    Tasks: 6 (limit: 24403)
   Memory: 36.2M
   CGroup: /system.slice/php-fpm.service
           ├─5318 php-fpm: master process (/etc/php-fpm.conf)
           ├─5534 php-fpm: pool www
           ├─5535 php-fpm: pool www
           ├─5536 php-fpm: pool www
           ├─5537 php-fpm: pool www
           └─5538 php-fpm: pool www

Jun 27 01:08:32 centos.computingforgeeks.com systemd[1]: Starting The PHP FastCGI Process Manager...
Jun 27 01:08:32 centos.computingforgeeks.com systemd[1]: Started The PHP FastCGI Process Manager.

If you have firewalld service running open port 80 and 443 for SSL:

sudo firewall-cmd --add-service={http,https} --permanent
sudo firewall-cmd --reload

Step 5: Download Drupal 9 on CentOS 8

Download the Drupal 9 tarball to the host where the service will run.

sudo dnf install -y wget
wget https://www.drupal.org/download-latest/tar.gz -O drupal.tar.gz

Extract downloaded file.

tar xvf drupal.tar.gz

Move resulting folder to /var/www/html directory.

rm -f drupal*.tar.gz
sudo mv drupal-*/  /var/www/html/drupal

Confirm file contents:

$ ls /var/www/html/drupal
autoload.php   core               INSTALL.txt  profiles    sites       vendor
composer.json  example.gitignore  LICENSE.txt  README.txt  themes      web.config
composer.lock  index.php          modules      robots.txt  update.php

Set ownership of drupal directory to Apache user and group.

sudo chown -R apache:apache /var/www/html/
sudo chmod -R 755 /var/www/html/

Create additional directories and files required by Drupal installer.

sudo mkdir /var/www/html/drupal/sites/default/files
sudo cp /var/www/html/drupal/sites/default/default.settings.php /var/www/html/drupal/sites/default/settings.php

Fix SELinux Labels:

sudo semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_rw_content_t "/var/www/html/drupal(/.*)?"
sudo semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_rw_content_t '/var/www/html/drupal/sites/default/settings.php'
sudo semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_rw_content_t '/var/www/html/drupal/sites/default/files'
sudo restorecon -Rv /var/www/html/drupal
sudo restorecon -v /var/www/html/drupal/sites/default/settings.php
sudo restorecon -Rv /var/www/html/drupal/sites/default/files
sudo chown -R apache:apache  /var/www/html/drupal

Step 6: Configure Apache for Drupal

Create a new Apache configuration for Drupal website.

sudo vi /etc/httpd/conf.d/drupal.conf

Modify below content and add to file – set domain, admin user and correct path to Drupal data.

<VirtualHost *:80>
     ServerName mysite.com
     ServerAlias www.mysite.com
     ServerAdmin admin@mysite.com
     DocumentRoot /var/www/html/drupal/

     CustomLog /var/log/httpd/access_log combined
     ErrorLog /var/log/httpd/error_log

     <Directory /var/www/html/drupal>
            Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
            AllowOverride All
            Require all granted
            RewriteEngine on
            RewriteBase /
            RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
            RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
            RewriteRule ^(.*)$ index.php?q=$1 [L,QSA]
     </Directory>
</VirtualHost>

Confirm configuration syntax:

$ sudo apachectl -t
Syntax OK

Restart web server.

systemctl restart httpd

Step 7: Install Drupal 9 on CentOS 8

In your web browser open the Server DNS name to finish the installation of Drupal 9 on CentOS 8.

Choose Language:

Select an installation profile:

Configure Database for Drupal:

Drupal installation is started. Wait for it to complete:

Configure your site:

You have successfully installed Drupal 9 on a CentOS 8 server. Refer to the official documentation for more tuning and advanced configurations.

Python

import webbrowser
import sys
if len(sys.argv) > 1:
    adresa=’ ‘.join(sys.argv[1:])
else:
    print(‘Unesite adresu kao parametar’)

webbrowser.open(‘https://www.google.com/maps/place/’+adresa)

———————————————————————————

#kreira usamljeni gumb koji ispisuje u konzolu
from tkinter import *
def Pressed():
    print (‘Gumb!’ )
    
    
root = Tk()
button = Button(root, text = ‘Pritisni!’, command = Pressed)
button.pack(pady=20, padx = 20)
root.mainloop()

———————————————————————————

ipadresa=input(“Unesite IP adresu: “)
a,b,c,d=ipadresa.split(‘.’)
print(a,b,c,d)
raspon=range(1,254)
print(raspon)
if (int(a) in raspon) and (int(b) in raspon) and (int(c) in raspon) and (int(d) in raspon):
    print(“IP adresa je ispravna”)
else:
    print(“IP adresa nije ispravna”)

———————————————————————————
#kopiranje po ekstenziji
import os
import shutil

popisfile=os.listdir(‘.’)
ekstenzije=set()

for datoteka in popisfile:
    if os.path.isfile(datoteka):
        if datoteka.rfind(‘.’)>0:
            ekstenzije.add(datoteka[datoteka.rfind(‘.’)+1:])
        else:
            ekstenzije.add(‘bez_ekstenzije’)

for ekstenzija in ekstenzije:
    os.mkdir(ekstenzija)

for datoteka in popisfile:
     if os.path.isfile(datoteka):
        if datoteka.rfind(‘.’)>0:
            shutil.copy(datoteka,datoteka[datoteka.rfind(‘.’)+1:])
        else:
            shutil.copy(datoteka,’bez_ekstenzije’)
        print(‘Datoteka ‘+datoteka+’ iskopirana u pripadajuci folder’)

———————————————————————————

#ispisuje popis direktorija iz trenutnog
import os

popisdirektorija=list()

popisdirektorija=os.listdir(‘.’)

print (popisdirektorija)
for nesto in popisdirektorija:
    if os.path.isfile(nesto):
        popisdirektorija.remove(nesto)

print (popisdirektorija)

———————————————————————————
#procesi više od jedan posto
import psutil
korisnici=set()
a=psutil.pids()

for b in a:
    proces=psutil.Process(b)
    if proces.memory_percent()>1:
        print(proces.name())

    try:
        if proces.username():
            print(proces.name(),proces.username())
    except:
        print(proces.name,’ nije moguće prikazati’)

———————————————————————————

#ispisuje datoteke iz trenutnog direktorija grupirane po ekstenzijama i njihovu sumiranu velicinu

import os
import sys
popisdirektorija=list()

#kreiraj fajl
fajl=open(‘popis.lst’,’w’)
#radi u lokalnom direktoriju
imedirektorija=’.’
#koristi skup da ne moras izbacivati diplikate ekstenzija
ekstenzije=set()
velicina=0

for datoteka in os.listdir(‘.’):
    if os.path.isfile(datoteka):
        if datoteka.rfind(‘.’)>0:
            ekstenzije.add(datoteka[datoteka.rfind(‘.’)+1:])

for ekstenzija in ekstenzije:

    for nesto in os.listdir(imedirektorija):
        if nesto[nesto.rfind(‘.’)+1:]==ekstenzija:
            fajl.writelines(nesto+’ ‘+str(os.path.getsize(nesto))+’\n’)
            velicina=velicina+os.path.getsize(nesto)

    fajl.write(str(velicina) + ‘za ekstenziju ‘+ekstenzija+’\n\n’)

fajl.close()

———————————————————————————

#ispisuje popis direktorija za neki zadani direktorij. DIREKTORIJ JE HARDKODIRAN U SKRIPTI
#za vježbu dodati ime direktorija kao argumente skripte. isdir() testira po imeni koje nema path
import os
import sys
popisdirektorija=list()

imedirektorija=’c:\\’

##sys.argv[1]
for nesto in os.listdir(imedirektorija):
    if os.path.isdir(imedirektorija+nesto):
        popisdirektorija.append(nesto)

print (popisdirektorija)

———————————————————————————

#za zadanu ekstenziju ispisuje ukupnu velicinu u fajl
import os
import sys

fajl=open(‘popis.lst’,’w’)
imedirektorija=’.’
ekstenzija=’py’

for nesto in os.listdir(imedirektorija):
    if nesto[nesto.rfind(‘.’)+1:]==ekstenzija:
        fajl.writelines(nesto+’ ‘+str(os.path.getsize(nesto))+’\n’)
fajl.close()

———————————————————————————
#zadana ekstenzija velicina i grupna velicina
import os
import sys
popisdirektorija=list()

fajl=open(‘popis.lst’,’w’)
imedirektorija=’.’
ekstenzija=’py’
velicina=0
for nesto in os.listdir(imedirektorija):
    if nesto[nesto.rfind(‘.’)+1:]==ekstenzija:
        fajl.writelines(nesto+’ ‘+str(os.path.getsize(nesto))+’\n’)
        velicina=velicina+os.path.getsize(nesto)
fajl.write(str(velicina))
fajl.close()

———————————————————————————

from Tkinter import *
import random

r=Tk()
#r.geometry(“200×200″)

def pritisak():
    znak.config(text=str(random.randint(1,9)))

tekst=”
znak=Label(r)
gumb=Button(r)

znak.config(width=20)
znak.config(text=’prazno’)
gumb.config(text=”Pritisni za nasumicni znak”)
gumb.config(command=pritisak)
znak.grid(row=0)
gumb.grid(row=1)

mainloop()

————————————————————————————

from Tkinter import *
import string
import random
def stisni():
    print(random.choice(string.ascii_letters))

root=Tk()
button = Button(root, text = ‘stisni’, command = stisni)
button.pack()
root.mainloop()

powershell

slmgr /rearm #rearm da se ne gasi

1. Test-Connection -ComputerName LON-DC1 -Quiet
2. New-SelfSignedCertificate -DnsName “www.cert.com” -CertStoreLocation “Cert:\\LocalMachine\\My”
3. New-ADOrganizationalUnit -Name Maloprodaja
4. New-NetIPAddress -InterfaceIndex 3 -IPAddress 172.16.0.15 -PrefixLength 16 -DefaultGateway 172.16.0.10
5. Get-EventLog -LogName Application -InstanceId 15
Get-EventLog -LogName Application -InstanceId 15 | Select-Object TimeWritten, InstanceId , Message
Get-EventLog -LogName Application -InstanceId 15 | Get-member #za popis atributa i objekata
6. 1..100 | foreach-object {Get-Random} ili brojac u petlji
7. New-Item -ItemType Directory -Name ScriptShare \\\\LON-DC1\\C$
8. New-PSDrive -Name “ScriptShare” -PSProvider “FileSystem” -Root ‘\\\\LON-DC1\\C$\\ScriptShare’
9. Import-module ActiveDirectory
cd AD:
Nw-PSDrive -PSProvider ActiveDirectory -Name “AdatumUsers” -Root “cn=users,dc=adatum,dc=com”
10.New-Item -ItemType group -Path “cn=London Developers”
11. $today=get-date
$logFile=[string]$today.Year+ “-“+$today.Month+”-“$today.Day
12. [System.Collections.ArrayList]$computers=”Racunalo1″,”Racunalo2”
$Computers.Add(“Racunalo3”)
$brojac=0
for ($brojac;$brojac -lt 100;$brojac++) {
$computers.Add(“Racunalo$brojac”)
}
$computers
13. function Generate-Email {param
(
[string]$ime= (Read-Host “Upišite ime”),
[string]$prezime = (Read-Host “Upišite prezime”)
)
$mail=$ime+”.”+$prezime+”@”+”adatum.com”
Write-Host $mail
}
Generate-Email
14. Start-Job -Name Ispis -ScriptBlock {Get-ChildItem c:\ -Recurse -File | select Name, Lenght | sort Lenght | Tee-Object c:\popis.txt}

LDAP servisi

AD replikacija
Povezati sve replike imenika koje se moraju replicirati
Kontrolirati cijenu i latenciju replikacije
Preusmjeravati replikaciju između site-ova
Utjecati na afinitete klijenata

Unutar site-a replikacija je optimizirana za brzinu:
– Konekcije između domain kontrolera unutar iste domene su uvijek organizirane u obliku prstena
– Replikacija unutar site-a se pokreće pomoću mehanizma koji detektira promjene u AD-u, događa se s konfigurabilnim zakašnjenjem jer se najčešće nekoliko promjena događa odjednom
– Podaci nisu kompresirani
Između site-ova replikacija je optimizirana za što manje trošenje bandwitha:
– Podaci su kompresirani
– Svaka promjena samo jednom prelazi preko linka
– Replikacija se događa u konfigurabilnim intervalima
– Intersite topologija ima jednu konekciju za bilo koja dva site-a za svaku imeničku particiju i u praksi ne sadrži redundantne konekcije

Multimaster replikacija – svi DCi prihvačaju zahtjeve za izmjenom atributa AD objekata za koje su autoritativni

Pull replikacija

Store-and-forward replikacija

State-based replikacija

resetiranje passworda
Replikacija lozinki
– Replikacije je drukčija i od normalne i hitne replikacije
– Promjena lozinke se uvijek prvo odmah i bez obzira na sve intervale replicira na PDC
– Replikacija na ostale DC ove u domeni ide normalnim putem
– Ako je iz nekog razloga nemoguće replicirati odmah na PDC, replikacija ide normalnim putem
– Group Policy postavka “Contact PDC on logon failure” može biti „Disabled” da bi smanjili promet prema PDC-u koji je u drugom site-u, u tom slučaju replikacije ide normalnim putem

powershell kada se user zadnji put ulogirao
Get-ADUser -identity Administrator -properties * | FT Name, LastLogonDate
koliko se puta logirao
Get-ADUser -Filter * -Properties logonCount -Server LON-DC1 | Select Administrator, logonCount
koliko je puta failo login
Get-ADUser -Filter {Name -eq "Administrator"} -Properties * | Select-Object Name, msDS-FailedInteractiveLogonCountAtLastSuccessfulLogon
zadnji put postavljan password
Get-ADGroupMember -Identity "Domain Admins" | Get-ADUser -Properties PasswordLastSet | Select-Object -Property Name, PasswordLastSet

tipovi openLDAP servera?

Samba4 vs Samba3

Samba 3 – file/print/old style NT domains
Samba 4 – AD controller

vCenter Single Sign On (v5)
– ponaša se kao autentikacijski servis za sv eVMWare aplikacije
– aplikacije međusobno komuniciraju preko tokena
Korištenje vCenter Single Sign-On ima slijedeće benefite:
-Brža autorizacija, autentifikacija, pojednostavljenje procesa
-Mogućnost VMware aplikacijama da „vjeruju jedna drugoj”
-Arhitektura koja je spremna za multi-instance i multi-site konfiguracije za kompletno autentifikacijsko rješenje kroz cijelu VMware-based IT infrastrukturu
vCenter Single Sign-On ima slijedeće mogućnosti:
-Podržava otvorene standarde
-Podržava višestruke „repozitorije” za autentifikaciju, kao AD i OpenLDAP
-Pruža mogućnost za spajanje više vCenter Server instanci
vCenter Single Sign On (v6)
– nije više servis, postaje dio općenitog servia PSC (Platform Services Controller)

LDAP
LDAP – imenički servis, nije klasična „baza podataka”
– nema naprednih mogućnosti za roll-back, komplicirane transakcije kao baze – za kompleksne update procedure
– kod direktorija nije bitno ako se prilikom sinhronizacije pojave nekonzistentnosti, ali na kraju se moraju sinhronizirati u konzistentno stanje
optimizacija za operacije tipa read, browse i search
– LDAP – Lightweight Directory Access Protocol, lightweight protokol za pristup imeničkim servisima po X.500-based direktorijima (RFC 2251,…)
– LDAP koristi TCP/IP i općenito konekcijski orijentirane protokole za komunikaciju
– LDAP model bazira se na zapisima – kolekcija atributa bazirana na unikatnom DN-u (Distinguished Name)
– svaki atribut ima tip i jednu ili više vrijednosti – npr. cn za Common Name, mail za e-mail adrese
– informacije su organizirane u stablastim strukturama
– strukture su obično prilagođene odjelima, lokacijama, …
– postoje i stand-alone implementacije LDAP-a na Linuxu – slapd (lightweight X.500 directory server)
– različite verzije – LDAPv2 i v3 – v2 obsolete
Koristimo za:
– Autentifikacija i security – za različite servise
– Standalone ili connected na neki drugi imenički servis
– Access control – po IP-u, imenu domene, …
– Replikacija (HA, pouzdanost) uz korištenje slurpd-a uz slapd
Vrste konfiguracije:
– lokalni directory service – bez interakcije sa drugim directory serverima
– lokalni directory service with referrals – lokalni uz referral za sve upite izvan naše domene
– replicirani directory service – koristimo slurpd za propagaciju promjena između master i slave nodeova
– distribuirani – miješani model, više servera, superior/subordinate serveri, ….
NIS/NIS+
– NIS/NIS+ (Network Information Service) – client-server directory protokol koji se koristi u UNIX-oidnim okolinama
– često ga zovu i Yellow Pages ili YP
– može imati master i slave servere
– NIS+ – poboljšana verzija sa podrškom za enkripciju i autentifikaciju preko sigurnog kanala
– da bi NIS+ radio, moraju biti podignuti i podešeni servisi portmap/rpcbind i ntp/time servis
– potrebno poinstalirati yp* pakete
– nakon instalacije, klijenti koriste zajedničke passwd, shadow, i slične datoteke
OpenLDAP vs NIS/NIS+
– LDAP nije samo UNIX-specific, podržan je od više operacijskih sustava
– Active Directory je LDAP-based
– dosta jednostavna implementacija Kerberos autentifikacije kod LDAP-a
– NIS nema skalabilnosti, u osnovnoj verziji nema enkripcije
– integracija – mail, address bookovi, replikacija BIND servera, SAMBA autentifikacija
– NIS/NIS+ su obsolete, samo u rijetkim corporate mrežama
– LDAP se može proširiti dodatnim funkcijama
– LDAP se nakon osnovne konfiguracije lako integrira sa ostalim servisima
SSH i LDAP
– SSH je kao secure protokol za terminalnu komunikaciju (i FTP) idealan kandidat za LDAP autentifikaciju
– koristimo LDAP kao centralni imenički servis kroz koji dijelimo korisnička imena i lozinke (kao AD)
– ukoliko imamo podešen LDAP server i na njemu sve potrebne podatke – korisnička imena, lozinke i sl., konfiguracija LDAP klijenata je trivijalan zadatak
– requirementi – poinstaliran SSH server, authconfig* paketi (ako želimo automatski mountati korisničke home direktorije, i autofs)
– uobičajeno se koristi sa autofs-om, servisom koji može automatski mountati korisničke home direktorije preko NFS-a (UNIXoidni file/folder sharing protokol)

Join Windows to samba4

https://download.samba.org/pub/samba/stable/samba-4.0.6.tar.gz
skripte i komande prepisivati, jer html zna autoformatirati gluposti

 

  • linux stroj

vim skripta.sh

#!/bin/bash
yum -y install gcc glibc make python-devel libacl*
wget https://download.samba.org/pub/samba/stable/samba-4.0.6.tar.gz
tar -xzvf samba-4.0.6.tar.gz
cd samba-4.0-6.tar.gz
./configure --enable-selftest
make && make install

chmod +x skirpita.sh
./skripta.sh

  • windows stroj

postavljanje mreže – 192.168.20.253, dns 192.168.20.250, isključiti ipv6

c:\windows\hosts:

192.168.20.253 dc cd.example.com
192.168.20.250 rhel6 rhel6.example.com

promijeniti ime stroja – dc
isključiti firewall

 

  • linux stroj

service NetworkManager stop
chkconfig NetworkManager off
service iptables stop
chkconfig iptables off
setenforce 0
getenforce
vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

DEVICE=”eth0″
BOOTPROTO=”static”
IPV6INIT="no"
HWADDR=”xxxx”
NM_CONTROLLED="no"
IPADDR=192.168.20.250
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
ONBOOT=”yes”
TYPE=”Ethernet”
UUID=”xxxx”

vim /etc/hosts

192.168.20.253 dc dc.example.com
192.168.20.250 rhel6 rhel6.example.com

vim/etc/resolv.conf

nameserver 192.168.20.253

service network restart

/usr/local/samba/bin/samba-tool domain provision

(paziti velika i mala slova)

cp samba4.samba.4 /etc/init.d/

cd /etc/init.d/

chmod 755 samba4.samba4

chkconfig –level 35 samba4.samba4 on

service samba4.samba4 start

  • windows stroj

dodati u “domenu”

 

 

Join Linux to AD

  • Linux stroj:

yum -y install adcli

  • Windows stroj

namjestiti mrežu – IP adresa, DNS (192.168.20.253, sam na sebe), disable IPv6
Promijeniti ime stroja
u hosts file dodati ip adresu linuxa i ip adresu windows stroja

  • Linux stroj

service iptables stop
chkconfig iptables off
setenforce 0
service NetworkManager stop
chkconfig NetworkManager off

vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
(paziti koji eth je za internu mrežu, koji za van)

DEVICE="eth0"
BOOTPROTO="static"
HWADDR="xxxx"
IPADDR=192.168.20.250
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
ONBOOT="yes"
TYPE="Ethernet"
UUID="xxxx"

vim /etc/hosts
dodati linx i win mašinu
vim /etc/resolf.conf
nameserver 192.168.20.253
service network restart

ping 192.168.20.253

  • Windows stroj

Firewall off
Instalirati AD -> promote

  • Linux stroj

adcli info example.com
adcli join example.com

Xen & Kvm

XEN hypervisor

Xen hipervizor kao platforma ima dva dijela -hipervizor koji se brine za sve osnovne funkcije (upravljanje CPU i memorijskim resursima, scheduling virtualnih mašina itd.) i jednu posebnu virtualnu mašinu koja se zove Domain0 (dom0) koja ima direktan pristup hardveru, upravljačkim programima i kompletnom procesu upravljanja drugim virtualnim mašinama.

KVM hypervisor

Kernel-based Virtual Machine (KVM) je druga, novija generacija virtualizacijske tehnologije pod open-source operacijskim sustavima. Implementacija KVM-a je potpuno drugačija od Xen-a, pošto je KVM zapravo kernel modul koji pretvara Linux kernel u bare-metal

XEN vs KVM

Dva su vrlo bitna detalja zbog kojih je arhitektura KVM-a bolja od arhitekture Xen hipervizora
1. KVM je napravljen nakon što su Intel i AMD napravili procesore koji imaju hardverski podržanu virtualizaciju (hardware assisted virtualization, Intel VT-x, AMD-V). Stoga KVM nužno treba ovakve procesore da bi mogao raditi. Također, kako su u vrijeme kada je završen rad na KVM-u 64-bitni procesori već bili standard na PC platformi, KVM traži 64-bitni operacijski sustav kako bi radio što je zapravo i logično -nema nikakvog smisla koristiti virtualizaciju na 32-bitnom operacijskom sustavu zbog ograničenosti memorijskog adresiranja navedenih operacijskih sustava.
2. KVM ne pokušava “izmišljati toplu vodu” i koristi sve već postojeće metode koje posjeduje Linux kernel -upravljanje memorijom, procesima, ulazno/izlaznim operacijama, sigurnosnim postavkama i sl. Sve su to metode koje već postoje u Linux operacijskim sustavima i KVM ih koristi kao postojeće elemente.

Konfiguracija

Za početak, potrebno je poinstalirati potrebne pakete. Pokrenite slijedeće komande:
yum –y install qemu-kvm qemu-img virt-manager libvirt*
yum –y groupinstall virtualization-client virtualization-platform virtualization-tools
chkconfig libvirtd on; service libvirtd start
Kao root korisnik, pokrenite komandu:
virsh net-start default

 

LINUX

Linux obvezni dio (17 bodova):zahtjevam gui!!!!
yum groupinstall basic-desktop desktop-platform x11 fonts
google search How to add Gnome to a CentOS 6 minimal install
mozda zgodno instalirati i ovo
yum -y groupinstall “Graphical Administration Tools”
yum -y groupinstall “General Purpose Desktop”
yum -y groupinstall “Office Suite and Productivity”
yum -y groupinstall “Graphics Creation Tools”
Uglavnom, jbmurphy ima upute ima i ovdje jos svasta
kad se završi naredba za pokretanje je startx, pokretanje će trajati 10ak sekundi plus upozorenje da nije okraditi kao root
1. (5 bodova) Promijenite IP adresu na prvu ispravnu i slobodnu IP adresu koju ste dobili u VLAN-u 40, te DNS i GW postavke. Izmjene moraju biti trajne.
promjeni datoteku /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
DEVICE=eth0
IPADDR=10.160.0.2
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
NETWORK=10.160.0.0
GATEWAY=10.160.0.1
BROADCAST=192.168.1.255
DNS1=8.8.8.8
ONBOOT=yes
NAME=eth0
onda da se prihvate promjene napravi ovo:
service network restart
chkconfig network on
Prva ispravna i slobodna
Dakle vlan 40 ima range 10.160.0.1 – 10.160.0.254 s tim da je 0.1 ZAUZET!!!!!
Dakle vaš lunix stroj mora imati 10.160.0.2 adresu
http://lmgtfy.com/?q=change+ip+address+centos+6.5
prvi hit je detaljno sve sto vam treba, dns, gw
ako vam je lakše pozovite iz konzole gedit /etc/resolv.conf umjesto vi /etc/resolv.conf
2. (5 bodova) Na dodatnom disku /dev/sdb napravite jednu particiju, formatirajte sa ext4 i spojite pod/virtual mapu (ako je potrebno, stvorite mapu /virtual). Omogućite da se to događa i nakon ponovnogpokretanja računala.
setings u virtulanoj mašini > add hdd
fdisk -l
/dev/sdb   #moram imati taj disk
cfdisk
ili
fdisk /dev/sdb    #particioniranje hdd
n – nova particija > p – primarna particija > 1 > enter > enter >p – izlist particije > w –#zapisivanje informacija i izlazak
reboot   #restartanje mašine
#formatiranje:
mkfs.tab tipka   #izlist komandi
mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1
#kreiranje foldera
mkdir /virtual
#trajno mountanje
vi /etc/fstab
#na kraju dodajemo
/dev/sdb1    /virtual    ext4       defaults      1 2
esc dvotočka wq! izlaz
mount -a  #da nam posloži hard diskove
df  #da vidim jel mi vidi hard disk (dev/sdb1)

3.  (2 boda) Promijenite korisniku root lozinku na R@inb0w2!

passwd root
4.  (1 bod) Trenutno i trajno ugasite servise postfix i cups.
service postfix stop
service cups stop
chkconfig postfix off
chkconfig cups off
5. (4 boda) Podesite prava pristupa u mapi /home/ivana tako da korisnica ivana bude vlasnica direktorija ida u njega može i čitati i pisati. Svim ostalim klasama korisnika zabranite pristup. Ako korisnica ivana nepostoji na virtualnoj mašini, stvorite ju (koristeći komandu adduser ivana).
 adduser –m ivana
ili
mkdir /home/ivana
#promijena vlasništa na folderu
chown ivana /home/ivana
#ivana mora imati samo ona prava
chmod 700 /home/ivana
Linux opcionalni dio (17 bodova):6. (2 boda) Napravite trajno brisanje konfiguracije iptables firewalla (ne trajno gašenje niti brisanje servisa,
nego trajno brisanje konfiguracije uz trajno aktivni servis).
cd /etc/sysconfig
ls -al iptables
vi iptables i maknem sve komande
brisanje iptablesa
rm iptables
y
7. (6 bodova) Omogućite pokretanje apache web servera, servisa httpd (instalacijski cd spojite pod/media/cdrom). Servis mora biti automatski startan nakon restarta virtualnog servera.
mount /dev/cdrom /media/cdrom –t iso9660
yum install httpd*
 chkconfig httpd on
8. (2 boda) Podesite rsyslog servis da sve kernel poruke zapisuje u datoteku /var/log/kernel. Koristitepostojeću konfiguraciju u konfiguracijskoj datoteci /etc/rsyslog.conf.
vi /etc/rsyslog.conf
odkomentiramo ispred kern.* i dodamo     /var/log/kernel…..ili kak je zahtjevano
service rsyslog restart
ll /var/log/kernel
9. (2 boda) Za korisnika root kreirajte RSA SSH ključeve sa praznim privatnim ključem.
ssh-keygen –t rsa
10. (5 bodova) Omogućite udaljeni pristup SSH protokolom (za instalaciju servisa sshd jepotrebno CD uređaj spojiti na /media/cdrom). 
yum install openssh
service sshd start
chkconfig sshd on – trajno paljenje
____________
– namjestite IP adresu na prvu ispravnu i slobodnu IP adresu koju ste dobili u VLAN 40 . DNS i GW postavke moraju biti trajne.
promjeni datoteku /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
nano /etc/sysconfig/networkscripts/ifcfg-eth0 
DEVICE=eth0
IPADDR=192.168.1.5
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
NETWORK=192.168.1.0
GATEWAY=192.168.1.1
BROADCAST=192.168.1.255
DNS1=8.8.8.8
ONBOOT=yes
NAME=eth0
onda da se prihvate promjene napravi ovo:
service network restart
Kreirajte korisnika student s lozinkom Arti321
Kreirajte grupu korisnici
2.  Kreirajte korisnika student i lozinkom Arfis.321
adduser student
passwd student
3. dodaj grupu korisnici
groupadd korisnici
Dodijeljeni disk formatirajte na ext2 i spojite pod /mnt/podaci mapu i omogućite da se ne izgubi kod slijedećeg pokretanja računala
Postavite korisnika računala student i grupu korisnici kao vlasnika /mnt/podaci mape
#pod uvjetom da ti postoje korisnik i grupa korisnici napraviš ovo
chown student:korisnici /mnt/podaci
NAPREDNI LINUX
 Promjenite root korisniku lozinku na Sifra123
passwd Dodajte korisnika student u grupu korisnici
usermod -a –G korisnici student Omogućite udaljeni pristup SSH protokolom (instalacijski cd spojite pod ….) Korisnik rootne smije imati direktni pristup preko tog protola. #ovo neznam kako isprobati jel neznam cemu se ima pristup #ako je instaliran sshd ovako se pokrece
 service sshd start #ovo je samo ako zelis da se automatski pali poslje reboota
 chkconfig sshd on defaults #da se zabrani rootu pristup treba se modificirati /etc/ssh/sshd_config
 nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config #pronadi PermitRootLogin yes to ti ovako izgleda #PermitRootLogin yes #ovako treba izgledati (nesmije imati # ispred jel to znaci komentar)
PermitRootLogin no Omogućite automatsko pokretanje postfix deamona na svim računalima
chkconfig postfix on defaults Omogućite pristup aplikaciji putty i MS-CLI2 računala prema Linux poslužiteljima.
#ovo neznam sto znaci mozda se misli da maknes firewall ako je podignut ?#micanje firewallaiptrables -F

Backup and Restore all Outlook data

Introduction

With today’s use of e-mail you almost can’t afford to lose a single e-mail so let alone your entire mail archive, Calendar items and Contacts.
This guide is all about backing up and restoring your Outlook Data. It describes various methods and explains which method is best to be used in which scenarios.
• Locating the pst-file
• Relocating the pst-file (optional)
• Backup pst-file
• Restore pst-file
• Export pst-file
• Import pst-file
• Backing up individual items
• Backing up an Exchange mailbox
• Restoring the Exchange mailbox
• Tools

Locating the pst-file
Before you can make a backup you’ll need to know what to backup first. In the case of Outlook in a home environment, all data is generally stored in a single file with a pst-extension. The pst-file is also known as Personal Folders and is able to store several mail, contacts, journal, notes and calendar folders.
You can locate your pst-file by using one of the following methods;
• Make sure you include hidden and system files and folders when searching for a pst-file.
• For Outlook 2007 and previous on Windows XP the default location is;
C:\Documents and Settings\%username%\Local Settings\Application Data\Microsoft\Outlook\
• For Outlook 2007 and previous on Windows Vista, Windows 7 and Windows 8 the default location is;
C:\Users\%username%\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Outlook\
• For Outlook 2010 on Windows XP the default location is;
C:\Documents and Settings\%username%\My Documents\Outlook Files\
• For Outlook 2010 and Outlook 2013 on Windows Vista, Windows 7 or Windows 8 the default location is;
C:\Users\%username%\Documents\Outlook Files\
• You can also locate the file by using;
Right click the root folder (probably Outlook Today)-> Properties-> button Advanced-> field Filename
• If you have multiple pst-files you can get an overview via;
o Outlook 2007 and previous
File-> Data File Management…
o Outlook 2010 and Outlook 2013
File-> Account Settings-> Account Settings-> tab Data Files

Tool Tip!
While making a copy of the pst-file will effectively backup your Outlook data, it will not include any mail account configuration settings (mail profile), templates or signatures. If you want to include this into your backups as well you can use the backup tool “Outlook Backup” from ABF Software. The backups can also be scheduled so you won’t have to worry about it again.

Relocating the pst-file (optional)
I assume lots of you have already relocated the “My Documents” folder to a more convenient location by right clicking it on the Desktop-> Properties-> tab Target. I’ve got mine set to D:\My Documents so I won’t have to rescue my data in the (worst) case that I have to reformat my C:\ drive.
As I see the pst-file to be data, just like a Word file, I like to have it where I keep all my important documents; in the “My Documents” folder. In the “My Documents” folder I have a folder called “My Outlook” where I store the file in.

Note:
If you are using Outlook 2010 or Outlook 2013 you can skip the steps below as Outlook 2010 and Outlook 2013 already place the pst-files in a subfolder of the My Documents folder called “Outlook files”.
To configure Outlook with a new pst-file location do the following;
1. Make sure Outlook is closed.
2. Go to the location of your pst-file.
3. Copy it to the new location (D:\My Documents\My Outlook).
4. Rename the file in the old location to .old.
5. Start Outlook; after a warning message it will prompt you to locate the pst-file. Use the Browse button to direct it to the location you’ve set in step 3.
6. You’re done! If all is successful you can delete the renamed pst-file in the old location to get some space back on your C:\-drive. You might need to recreate some “move to folder” Wizard Rules to update the new location.

Backup pst-file
Backing up the pst-file is quite easy; you just copy the pst-file to your safe location when Outlook is closed. A safe location can be one of the following:
• another physical hard drive in your machine
• another physical hard drive in another machine
• an external hard drive
• a USB memory stick
• a Flash memory card
• a CD-R(W)
• a DVD+/-R(W)
• a backup tape
• an online storage location such as Dropbox or SkyDrive.

Restore pst-file
A backup is worthless if you can’t restore it. So we first test the back-up. Testing the backup when knowing that the original still works is a lot less stressful then as well.
To restore your pst-file, copy the file to the location where you want to work with it like:
D:\My Documents\My Outlook\Temp

Note:
If you restored the file from CD/DVD, make sure you uncheck the “Read Only” file attribute by right clicking the file and choosing Properties.
Now open Outlook and connect to the file by choosing; File-> Open-> Outlook Data File…
You can now check if the backup was successful and make sure you backed up the correct file.
In the case of a real disaster, the original pst-file would be missing or will be beyond repair. When the pst-file is missing, Outlook would have prompted you for the pst-file location. You then need to close Outlook and restore the file from backup to D:\My Documents\My Outlook as described above. Then start Outlook again and if prompted browse to the location of the pst-file.
When the pst-file is beyond repair, Outlook will start with the message that it can’t be opened and that you need to run the Inbox Repair Tool (scanpst.exe). If scanpst.exe can’t fix the pst-file either, rename the corrupted pst-file to .old and you would now be in the situation that the pst-file went missing.

Tip!
If you want to restore a pst-file of a POP3 account on a new computer or after you’ve recreated your mail profile see:

Restoring a pst-file of a POP3 account on a new computer
I’ve backed up my pst-file of my POP3 account from my old computer and now want to use it on my new computer.
I’ve been told not to use the Import feature to restore my pst-file but to reuse it when setting up my account in Outlook. That way I should be able to keep my rules, view settings and various other personalization settings.
That sounds great and I would prefer not to lose too many of my settings but how exactly do I need to restore my POP3 pst-file to keep all these things?
When setting up Outlook on your new computer or when you recreate your mail profile, it is indeed best to directly configure it with your original POP3 pst-file rather than connecting to it afterwards.
If you created the backup of your pst-file as a direct copy of the original rather than using an Export, then you’ll indeed find various customizations are still there after a proper restore.
While the instructions below will allow you to restore your pst-file with your rules intact, it never hurts to export your rules to a separate rwz-file just in case.
Restore your pst-file to a convenient location
Before starting to configure Outlook, restore the pst-file to a location on your local hard disk which is convenient for you. For instance, place them in a folder called Outlook files in your (My) Documents folder.
Do NOT place it directly in the root of a drive such as directly under C:\. This could lead to permissions issues. Placing it in a manually created subfolder such as C:\MyData\ isn’t an issue. Even better would be to use a subfolder on a separate partition dedicated to your data such as D:\MyData\.
Also verify that after restoring the pst-file the Read-only file attribute isn’t set on for it. To check this, right click on the file and choose Properties.
Outlook 2010 and Outlook 2013
When adding your account, it is best to select the manual account configuration. This is because Auto Account Setup would otherwise configure your account as an IMAP account (if available for your account) or create a new empty pst-file when POP3 settings are found.
After specifying your account details, use the option “Deliver new messages to: Existing Outlook Data File” to direct it to your restored pst-file.
Directly configure Outlook to re-use your original pst-file
when setting up your POP3 account.
If you already have your account configured, you can use the Outlook 2007 instructions below as well but in Step 1 use;
File-> Account Settings-> Account Settings…
Note 1: Even though your rules are maintained this way, it is quite likely that you’ll have to remap your “Move to folder” rules. This usually comes down to selecting the rule, clicking on the folder name in the bottom pane and confirming the folder.

Note 2: If you restored a pst-file that was last used in Outlook 2007 or previous and had configured Outlook to leave a copy on the server, then your on-line emails will be redownloaded. For more info see the “Dealing with Duplicates” section below.
Outlook 2007
1. After adding your POP3 account, choose Tools-> Account Settings…
2. On the Data Files tab, press Add…
3. Confirm the “New Outlook Data File” dialog
4. Browse to the location of the restored pst-file.
5. Select and open it.
6. Confirm the “Personal Folders” dialog or optionally change the Name field.
7. Verify that the pst-file you just added is selected.
8. Press the Set as Default button.
9. Confirm the warning that you get.
10. Restart Outlook.
Changing the default pst-file to your original pst-file.
(click on image to enlarge).
After restarting Outlook, you can remove the newly created empty pst-file via;
Tools-> Account Settings…-> tab Data Files-> select the pst-file-> Remove

Note 1: It is important that you do not close the Account Settings dialog during this procedure and do not connect to the pst-file via File-> Open-> Outlook Data File…
Doing so will result in the loss of various meta data (including rules!) of the restored pst-file.

Note 2: Even though your rules are maintained this way, it is quite likely that you’ll have to remap your “Move to folder” rules. This usually comes down to selecting the rule, clicking on the folder name in the bottom pane and confirming the folder.

Note 3: If you previously had Outlook configured to leave a copy on the server, then your on-line emails will be redownloaded. For more info see the “Dealing with Duplicates” section below.
Outlook 2003
1. After adding your POP3 account, choose Tools-> E-mail Accounts…
2. Verify that “View or change existing e-mail accounts” is selected and press Next.
3. Press the “New Outlook Data File…” button.
4. Confirm the “New Outlook Data File” dialog
5. Browse to the location of the restored pst-file.
6. Select and open it.
7. Confirm the “Personal Folders” dialog or optionally change the name field.
8. Set the “Deliver new e-mail to the following location:” dropdown list to the pst-file you just added.
9. Press the Finish button.
10. Confirm the warning that you get.
11. Restart Outlook.
Changing the default delivery location back to your original pst-file.

Note 1: It is important that you do not close the Account Settings dialog during this procedure and do not connect to the pst-file via File-> Open-> Outlook Data File…
Doing so will result in the loss of various meta data (including rules!) of the restored pst-file.

Note 2: Even though your rules are maintained this way, it is quite likely that you’ll have to remap your “Move to folder” rules. This usually comes down to selecting the rule, clicking on the folder name in the bottom pane and confirming the folder.

Note 3: If you previously had Outlook configured to leave a copy on the server, then your on-line emails will be redownloaded. For more info see the “Dealing with Duplicates” section below.
Dealing with duplicates
When you are restored a pst-file from Outlook 2007 or previous and had your POP3 account on your previous computer configured to leave a copy on the server, then the emails that are available in the Inbox folder of the mailbox on server will be redownloaded.
What’s not included in the pst-file
While more and more settings of Outlook are stored within the pst-file, there are various files and settings which are not included that you want to take note of such as;
• Account settings
• Signatures (they can be copied from your Sent Items though)
• Custom Stationery
• Quick Parts
• AutoText
Some of these settings and files can be backed up and transferred manually or you could use an “All-in-One” Outlook backup solution such as ABF Outlook Backup

Export pst-file
It’s a general misconception that an export of your mail is a good backup. This misconception gets even bigger if you run the export and see that the default name of the file to export to is backup.pst.
The reason that an export isn’t a backup is because you will lose data during this export, even if you configure it to export all the folders and subfolders.
Amongst others, the following data gets lost during an export:
• Custom forms
• Custom views
• Message Rules
• Folder properties like AutoArchive settings
• Send/Receive history for POP3 accounts in Outlook 2010 and Outlook 2013
• and various other data and settings.
An export of your pst-file to another pst-file can be seen as a selective backup since during the export you can choose which data you want to backup. This is handy if you see no need in backing up the entire pst-file like the “Sent Items” folder or the “Funny Forwards” folder (who doesn’t have one of those?) which can get quite big over time and you might consider them as not important enough to backup.
Let’s say you only want to export your Inbox and your Contacts folder;
1. Open the Import and Export Wizard
o Outlook 2007 and previous
File-> Import and Export…
o Outlook 2010
File-> Open-> Import
(unlike the name suggests, it also includes export options)
o Outlook 2013
File-> Open & Export-> Import/Export
2. Choose Export to a file.
3. Choose Personal Folder File (.pst).
4. Select the Inbox and press Next (we do the Contacts folder later).
5. Set the file location to D:\My Documents\My Outlook\Backup\export.pst
6. Press Finish and you’ll be prompted to set properties for the export.pst file.
7. In the Name field type a descriptive name like “Export June 2004″ (yeah, I wrote this guide a long time ago but don’t worry; I still keep it up to date!).
8. Press OK to start the export.
9. To export the Contacts folder as well repeat step 1 to 4 and this time select the Contacts folder.
10. If the save location is not set to the path you’ve set in step 5 browse to it.
11. Press Finish to export the Contact folder.
12. Close Outlook and copy the exported file to your safe location as described in Backup pst-file.

Import pst-file
Importing a pst-file can only be done in a working Outlook situation, like when you’ve reinstalled your machine, configured Outlook and now want to restore your Inbox and Contacts.
Importing a pst-file can be done in two different ways; automatically through a wizard or manually by dragging and dropping.
Before importing, restore your pst-file:
Copy the file to the location where you want to work with it like; D:\My Documents\My Outlook\Temp. If you restored from CD/DVD, make sure you uncheck the “Read Only” file attribute by right clicking the file and choosing Properties.

Restore through the Import and Export Wizard
1. Open the Import and Export Wizard
o Outlook 2007 and previous
File-> Import and Export…
o Outlook 2010
File-> Open-> Import
o Outlook 2013
File-> Open & Export-> Import/Export
2. Choose Import from another program or file.
3. Choose Personal Folder File (.pst).
4. Browse to the location where you’ve restored the pst file. For instance:
D:\My Documents\My Outlook\Temp
5. Set the options to “Include subfolders” and “Import items into the same folder in:” and select the folder that is listed as your Outlook Today folder set in the dropdown list.
6. Press Finish to complete the import.
7. Restart Outlook and remove the export.pst file from the Temp directory if desired.

Restore manually
1. Choose File-> Open-> Outlook Data File…
2. Browse to the location where you’ve restored the pst file. For instance:
D:\My Documents\My Outlook\Temp
3. You’ll now see an additional set of folders added to your folder list which you can expand. Expand the list and select the Inbox folder
4. In this folder select the messages you want to restore to the original Inbox folder
5. Drag & drop them to the default Inbox folder
6. Do the same for the Contacts folder. You might want to set your view to a list view so you can easily select and move the items.
o Outlook 2007 and previous
View-> Current View-> Phone List
o Outlook 2010 and Outlook 2013
tab Home-> group Current View-> List
7. Now that the importing is complete, right click the pst-file in Outlook added in step 2 and choose Disconnect.
8. Restart Outlook and remove the export.pst file from the Temp directory if desired.

Backing up individual items
Sometimes it’s more convenient to backup a single item. Think about account login information you’ve received by e-mail. Backing up single items is very easy but depending on the format that you choose, you may not be able to import them back in Outlook anymore.
You can choose File-> Save as… and then choose in which format you want to save the message. If you want to be able to open them on just about any system you can choose the txt or htm format. Choose the msg-format if you want to be able to open or import them in Outlook again.
To easily save several messages in the Outlook format (msg), you can select those messages and drag & drop them out of Outlook into an Explorer window. When you save them in the msg-format, any attachments that might have been included in the message are saved within the msg-file as well.
To quickly restore saved msg-files to Outlook, you can simply drag & drop them from an Explorer window back into Outlook.

Backing up an Exchange mailbox
Backing up an Exchange mailbox is the task of the Exchange administrator. Since this is managed on the Exchange server, it’s beyond the scope of this article.
However in some cases it’s good to have a backup for yourself as well. This is especially true if you are a mobile user and you synchronize with the Exchange server so you’ll have your messages available when you are not connected to the Exchange server.
If you are not able to connect to the Exchange server for a long time but you’ll have to make sure you can always reach your e-mail, you might want to export your messages as well. This way you’ll have a backup of the mailbox in case something happens to the cached off-line mailbox. See the Export section for more info on how you can export certain folders.

Restoring the Exchange mailbox
Restoring the Exchange mailbox is also a task of the Exchange administrator. Here I’ll describe how you can use the exported pst-file when the off-line mailbox gets lost or scanost.exe can’t repair it and you won’t be able to connect to the Exchange server for a while.

Outlook 2007, Outlook 2010 and Outlook 2013
1. Go to Control Panel-> Mail-> button Data Files…
2. Press the Add… button.
3. Outlook 2007 only;
Select whether it’s an Outlook 97-2002 or Office Outlook pst-file (in the example we’ve created an Office Outlook file but it doesn’t matter which one you choose when you add an existing pst-file).
4. Browse to the location where you’ve restored the pst file. For instance:
D:\My Documents\My Outlook\Temp
5. You’ll get a details overview; press OK
6. Set the file as the default delivery location by selecting it and pressing the button “Set as Default”.
7. Start Outlook and see that it adds the other default Outlook folders in case you haven’t exported these.
8. Cancel all security prompts you might be getting from the Exchange account.

For Outlook 2002/2003
1. Go to Control Panel-> Mail-> button E-mail Accounts-> button Next.
2. Cancel all password prompts you might be getting from the Exchange Account.
3. Now press the button New Outlook Data File…
4. Outlook 2003 only;
Select whether it’s an Outlook 97-2002 or Outlook 2003 pst-file (in the example we’ve created an Outlook 2003 file but it doesn’t matter which one you choose when you add an existing pst-file).
5. Browse to the location where you’ve restored the pst file. For instance:
D:\My Documents\My Outlook\Temp
6. You’ll get a details overview; press OK
7. Now set the default delivery location to the pst-file you’ve just added by using the dropdown list.
8. Start Outlook and see that it adds the other default Outlook folders in case you haven’t exported these.
9. Cancel all security prompts you might be getting from the Exchange account.

For Outlook 2000
1. Go to Control Panel-> Mail
2. Press Add…
3. Browse to the location where you’ve restored the pst file. For instance:
D:\My Documents\My Outlook\Temp
4. You’ll get a details overview; press OK
5. Cancel all password prompts you might be getting from the Exchange Account (Work Offline).
6. Press the Delivery tab.
7. Now set the default delivery location to the pst-file you’ve just added by using the dropdown list.
8. Start Outlook and see that it adds the other default Outlook folders in case you haven’t exported these.
9. Cancel all security prompts you might be getting from the Exchange account (Work Offline).

Tools
Outlook Add-in: Personal Folders Backup
The Personal Folders Backup download creates backup copies of your .PST files at regular intervals, making it easy to keep all of your Outlook folders safely backed up. Although the download site states that it works for Outlook 2002 or later, it actually still works for Outlook 2000 as well.
Backup script(http://www.howto-outlook.com/files/Backup_Outlook_Script.zip)
A Guru created this batch in order to be able to schedule Outlook pst-file backups by using Scheduled tasks in Windows. Since I always have my Outlook open a simple copy to backup isn’t possible without an “open file backup” service.
Outlook Backup (tip!)
ABF Outlook Backup is a backup and synchronization tool for MS Outlook. It allows you to backup and restore your messages, address book, settings, accounts, message rules, junk email lists, signatures, and even your Internet favorites. It also works great for migrating your Outlook data, settings and accounts from one machine to another; the version of Windows and Outlook don’t even have to be the same. This tool is compatible with Windows 8 as well!
If you decide to order use ABF-HT2GL to get a discount.

WDS, BranchCache, Failover,

link.txt

WDS
SERVERDC – potreban je DHCP
– u c:\Deploy kopiramo datoteke, pa share na everyone
– install WDS rola
– prebacivanje na CLI2 –
– Windows deployment services konzola
na server ( desni, configure server) next, next, na kraju oznaci repsond to all…( known and unknown) i kvačica
boot image – next, lokacije bi bila C:\Deploy\winpe.wim
serverdc.racunarstvo.edu… desni,proterties – PXE response, oznaci respond i require… te staviti 3 sekunde
POWERSHELL wdsutil /Set-Server /Autoaddpolicy /Message:“Pricekajte dok administrator ne odobri boot.“

Referentni PC (CLI2) – instaliramo 7zip
– c:\Windows\System32\Sysprep\Sysprep (out-of-the-box, generalize i shutdown)
 – prebacivanje na SERVERDC –
– nakon SERVERDC konfiguracije konfiguriramo na CLI2 boot preko mreže, palimo CLI2, ENTER, te approve boota na serverdc
– pokreće se CMD: net use M: \\serverdc\deploy
– dism /capture-image /imagefile:M\Win8.wim /capturedir:C:\ /Name:Win8

serverdc              boot image, pa na image desni i disable
boot image, add boot image lokacije ovaj put c:\deply\boot.wim..next, next

CLI1                       instalirati simx64 (Windows System Image Manager..),dodati u domenu
                               win system imager konzola
File -> windows image, \\serveddc\deploy\win8.wim..yes,yes..
file – new answer file
file – save answer file as i ime… \\SERVERDC\reminst\unattend

serverdc              WDS, install images, add install image, u polje group WINDOWS8, next, next, next
desni na server… properties, client, enable unattend…. i pod x64 uefi odabrati datoteku unattend, ok

CLI1                     izrada autom. datoteke…
windows image prošiti Components
amd64_Microsoft-Windows-international-Core-WinPE_6.3.9600
setupUIlanguage….
amd64_Microsoft-Windows-Setup_6.3.9600
DiskConfiguration
Disk
CreatePartitions
ModifyPartitions
UserData (sve)
WindowsDeploymentServices (sve)

Branchcache
serevrdc              napravimo novi scope sa default gateway ( server1 ), DNS 10.10.10.1 (dc)
gpedit.msc
computer…admin temp..network..lanman server
hash publication for branchcash – enable
Hash publication actions – Allow hash publication only for sharedfolders on which BranchCache is enabled
simulacija spore brzine
Computer Configuration-> Windows Settings
create new policy, ime, npr 100 kbps
copy C:\Windows\System32\mspaint.exe C:\ShareDC
ROLA – File and Storage Services-> File and iSCSI Services
BranchCache for Network Files
server1                dodati novi mrežni adapter PMI pa start
na taj adapter staviti novi skope koji smo napravili gore na DCu (default gateway IPh)                                                                DNS 10.10.10.1 (dc)
ROLE – File and Storage Services-> File and iSCSI Services
BranchCache for Network Files
Remote Access
onda označi  BranchCache next
označi routing, nexe next install

start-rras, enter
server1, configure….next, LAN routing next, finsh
start service
server1-IPv4, new routing protocol, dhcp relay agent
desni na dhcp relay agent, new interface
označi ethernet ( onaj interface sto smo dodali ), ok
desni na dhcp relay agent, properties
u polje server address 10.10.10.1 (dc), add, ok

cli1 & 2                  dodati novi PMI adapter

serverdc              shareDC, share, enalbe BranchCache, ok – Branchcache se uključuje na razini dijeljene mape…

server1                Branchcache poslužitelj – pa idemo kroz powershell:
Enable-BCHostedServer –RegisterSCP
Get-BCStatus

serverdc              napraviti GP, edit – Computer Configuration-> Policies-> Administrative Templates-> Network-> BranchCache:
Turn on BranchCache…enable
Enable Automatic Hosted Cache Discovery by Service Connection Point…enable
Configure BranchCache for network files…enable maximum rout trip …(milisec) upisi 0, ok
CMD: netsh branchcache show status all (na cli)

Windows klaster
serverdc              instaliranje iscsi role ( iscsi target, remote access(routing))
rras (lan routing…finish)
general (routing protocol, rip…)
server manager ( iscsi…task, new iscsi virtual disk)
c:, next, ime disk1, next… target NEW preko IP jednog servera i drugog)
jos jedan disk….
jos jedan disk….
server1 & 2                                postaviti adrese…
iscsi initiator…
tab discovery, discover portal ( ip od dc-a, 192.168.1.1)
tab targets, oznaci i connect
server2,1            postaviti diskove (online, inicijalizacija, MBR, Simple) /refresh
server2,1            dodati rolu: File and Storage Services-> File and iSCSI Services
File server
features, failover clustering

server1                    failover claster manager
validate, dodati server1 i server2, next next finish
create cluster, dodaj servere1, 2, ime, ip staviti samo 10.10.10.0/24 i staviti ip 4
kzos.racunarstvo…. storage,disk…

serevrdc              dozvole/ desni klik na racunala properties, security, advanced, pa add, select principal
odabrati da trazi i racunala i naći klaster ( KZOS )
ukluči samo  Create all child objects i Delete all child objects
server1          Failover claster manager – kzos.racunarstvo…. storage,disk, Add to Cluster Shared Volume
roles, configure roles, create…. File server….10.10.10.5
onda na taj napravljeni…desni i add file share, propreties, tab failover -> allow failback – Immediately

Povezivanje domena
server2                nova suma, domena….
server 1 ce biti default gateway
server1                rras        – pokrenuti…
server2                                napravi korisnika i stavi ka u domadmin grupu
serverdc              dns, forward…new stub..algerba.edu, next next finsh
desni na algebra.edu i transfer from master
server2                dns, forward…new stub..racunarstvo.edu, next next finsh
desni na racunarstvo.edu i transfer from master (F5)
serverdc              active directory domain and trusts
desni, properties, new trust, algerba.edu,
oznaci forest trust, one-way: outgoing,
both this domain and the specified. domain, selective auth., yes, confirm.. finish. Može i na properties “Validate”
AD -> uključiti advanced -> properties nekog OU -> security -> dodati usera iz druge domene

Microsoft Exchange 2013

Uloge:

  • Mailbox server: uloga koja direktno surađuje s Active Director imeničkim servisom, Client Access server ulogom. Mailbox server sadrži poštanske sandučiće za korisnike i na njemu se odvija obrada podataka u Exchange okruženjima. Ne komunicira direktno s klijentima.
  • Client Access server: uloga koja vrši autentikaciju objekata koji pristupaju Exchange Mailbox Serveru. Također, djeluje kao proxy poslužitelj. Ne vrši obradu podataka u Exchange okruženju. Drugim riječima, nema mogućnost naknadno isporučiti e-poštu već ju nužno šalje Mailbox poslužitelju. Sva komunikacija s klijentima se odvija putem Client Access poslužitelja.
  • Edge Transport server: uloga koja se implementira na rubne dijelove mreže i služi za isporuku i primanje poruka s Interneta. Također obnaša sigurnosne funkcije poput anti-virusne i antispam zaštite.

Alati za administraciju:

  • Exchange Administrative Center: web konzola povezana s Exchange bazom. Namijenjena je osnovnoj (jednostavnoj) administraciji u scenarijima kada su potrebne izmjene (izrada, brisanje i sl.) malog broja objekata.
  • Exchange Management Shell: linijsko sučelje (engl. Command Line Interface) namijenjeno administraciji Exchange Servera putem PowerShell komandleta. PowerShell ima značajnu ulogu u Exchange okruženjima. Znanja PowerShella iz prethodnih kolegija će nam ovdje biti od presudne važnosti. Koncept Exchange PowerShella je identičan onome u „klasičnom“ PowerShellu i svodi se na pronalazak i izvršavanje odgovarajućeg administracijskog komandleta.
  • Outlook Web App: web konzola poznata pod skraćenim imenom (akronimom) OWA je pristupna točka korisnika do njihove e-pošte, kalendara i imenika. Pri instalaciji Exchange poslužitelja predefinirano je omogućena za sve korisnike kojima je izrađen pretinac.

Gornji alati će nam omogućiti konfiguraciju objekata kao što su:

  • pretinci: prosto rečeno, pretinac (engl. Mailbox) je kontejner asociran s korisničkim računom u kojem se pohranjuju poruke e-pošte, kalendar, kontakti i ostali korisnikovi podaci. Pretinac je pohranjen u Exchange bazi. Exchange korisnik mora imati izrađen pretinac kako bi mogao koristiti e-poštu.
  • grupe: objekti namijenjeni masovnom slanju poruka e-pošte. Točan naziv za ovu vrstu grupa je distribucijske grupe (engl. Distribution Groups). S tim pojmom ste se susreli još na kolegiju Administracija operacijskih sustava. Tamo ste naučili da se korisnici grupiraju u sigurnosne grupe kojima je moguće postavljati dozvole pristupa i distribucijske kojima nije moguće postavljati dozvole pristupa. Distribucijske grupe sadrže korisničke račune i pojednostavljuju komunikaciju u situacijama kada, primjerice, želite članovima cijelog odjela tvrtke poslati obavijest e-poštom. U Exchange okruženju postoji i dinamička distribucijska grupa. Za razliku od „obične“ grupe dinamička nema fiksan popis članova. Dinamičkoj grupi se prilikom slanja poruke e-pošte svaki put iznova određuju članovi na osnovu zadanih kriterija (primjerice, trenutni članovi nekog odjela, djelatnici koji se nalaze na službenom putu i sl.). Dinamičke grupe su pogodne u okruženjima gdje je razmjerno velika fluktuacija djelatnika unutar tvrtke (prelasci u druge odjele, poslovnice i sl.).
  • kontakti: objekti koji referenciraju korisnike izvan vaše Exchange (ili Exchange online) organizacije. Svaki kontakt ima eksternu adresu e-pošte.
  • kvote: kao i kod datotečnog poslužitelja Exchange poslužitelj koristi diskovne kvote. Diskovne se kvote postavljaju korisnicima kako bi potrošnju diska održali u razumnim granicama. Kvote je moguće postaviti u tri razine. U prvoj razini se korisniku samo prikazuje upozorenje da je dostupni diskovni prostor pri kraju, u drugoj se korisniku onemogućuje slanje poruka e-pošte a u trećoj se onemogućuje slanje i primanje e-pošte.

DHPC klaster, DNSSEC, iSCSI, NLB, DAC, WorkFolders…

DHCP ipv4 scope-advanced-split scope – add server x2 aktivacija scope-a kasnije

ipv4 – new superscope – activate    ipv4 – configure failover

DNSSEC – DNS – SERVERDC->Forward Lookup Zones -> desni klik DNSSEC – Sign the Zone

GPO – Computer-> Policies->Windows Setting->Name Resolution Policy -> Suffix „racunarstvo.edu“ + Enable DNSSEC + Require DNS clients to check that the name and address has been validated by the DNS server

Portovi PS – get-dnsserver + dnscmd /config /socketpoolsize 3000 – restart servisa

Cache  PS – set-dnsservercache –LockingPercent 75 – restart servisa

Izrada GlobalNameZone

PS – Add-DnsServerPrimaryZone –Name Alegebra.edu –ReplicationScope Forest
Set-DnsServerGlobalNameZone –AlwaysQueryServer $true
Add-DnsServerPrimaryZone – Name GlobalNames – ReplicationScope Forest

+host zapis i a zapis

iSCSI – configuration tab (kopirati string), dodati diskove -> add File and Storage Services-> File and iSCSI Services + Multipath I/O

SM konzola -> Task -> iSCSI virtual disk location .. next,next … Select a method to identify the initiator prozor IQN kopirati string + CHAP

Na drugom serveru -> iSCSI initiator Properties -> 1. Configuration – > CHAP, 2. Target server1.racunarstvo.edu“ -> Connect & Advanced: Enable CHAP log on

SM – File and Storage services -> Storage Pools -> New Storage Pool -> Virtual disk -> New virtual disk … next,next … ReFS & finish

DeDuplikacija ->AddRole – iSCSI -> Data Deduplication -> Finish, desni klik na volumen, configure Data DeDuplication. PS – Start-DedupJob –Volume F: -Type Optimization

NetworkLoadBalance – IIS + NLB -> IIS Default web site c:\website + desno providers NTLM move up
NLB klaster->Network Load Balacing Manager -> Cluster -> New, ime, ip, www, multicast. Rule remove, pa add 80, add 443. Desni klik na domenu -> Add host to cluster

DAC

Add role File Server resource Manager. GPO Computer -> Policy -> Admin Templates -> System -> KDC, KDC support for claims… Enable i always. Urediti odjel usera, dodati grupe

AD administrative center -> DAC -> Claim Type-> New -> department & Display name Odjel, niže add Uprava i Prodaja. Resource Properties Department i Confidentiality ENABLE & Department properties add Uprava.

Resource Property Lists, Global Resource Property Lists <- provjerit jesu ovdje Confidentiality i Department

File Server Resource Manager Classification Management-> Classification Properties refresh-> Create Classification rule odabrati folder i string „Tajno“ & Evaluation Type -> Re-evaluate existing property values & uključiti Overwrite the existing value. Run Classification With All Rules Now

Properties na datoteku & Classification confidentiality, properties na folder i Classification Department

DAC – Create Access Rule -> Target Resource Edit, Central Access rule „Odjel“-> Add condition: Resource- Department-Equals-Value-Uprava , zatim dodati Authenticated users u permission. Add condition:

User-Odjel-Equals-Resource-Department

DAC – Create Access Rule -> Target Resource Edit, Central Access rule „Tajno“  Add Condition: Resource-Confidentiality-Equals-Value-High Permission na Authenticated modify, User-Odjel-Equals-Value-Uprava & Device-Group-Member of each-Value & dodati računala uprave

New-> Central Access Policy  „zastita“, Add „Odjel“, Add „Tajno“

GPO -> Computer -> Policies -> Windows Settings -> Security Settings -> File system -> central access policy Manage „Zastita“ Add

Advanced Security Settings for ShareDC. Kliknite na karticu Central Policy i zatim kliknite opciju Change -> Zastita.

Poruka: Computer Configuration-> Policies-> Administrative Templates-> System-> Access Denied Assistance

WorkFolders FileServerResourceManager & WorkFolders feature

PS – New-SelfSignedCertificate –DnsName „Serverdc.racunarstvo.edu“ – CertStoreLocation Cert:Localmachine\My <-kopirati Thumbprint

$cert= Get-Childitem –Path cert:\LocalMachine\My\OVDJE_ZALIJEPITE_OTISAK

Export-Certificate –Cert $cert –Filepath C:\Sharedc\Serverdc.p7b –Type P7B

 

CMD -> netsh http add sslcert ipport=0.0.0.0:443 certhash=OVDJE_ZALIJEPITE_OTISAK_CERTIFIKATA appid={CE66697B-3AA0-49D1-BDBD-A25C8359FD5D} certstorename=MY

WorkFolders -> Task ->  New Sync share, odabrati mapu, Add Svi_korisnici, Isključite opciju Automatically lock screen and require a password, create

GPO: User -> Policies -> Admin Temp-> Windows Components -> Work Folders (Specify WF settings – enabled, url: serverdc.racunarstvo.edu i Force Automatic setup)

Computer Configuration-> Policies-> Windows Settings-> Security Settings-> Public Key Policies – Trusted Root Certification Authorities -> Import „C:\Sahre\serverdc.p7b“ finish

 

 

Program za automatsko traženje drivera

PCI-Z je odličan alat iza kojeg stoji domaći autor, Bruno Banelli. Služi nam za automatsko traženja drivera za nepoznati hardver. 🙂 Iznimno ga je jednostavno koristiti. Dovoljno je preuzeti odgovarajuću inačicu (riječ je od verziji za 32-bitne ili 64-bitne Windowse), pokrenuti ga i pričekati trenutak da PCI-Z izvuče identifikatore i u preglednoj listi prikaže sve PCI/PCI-E/PCI-X uređaje koje je prepoznao zahvaljujući bazi na koju se oslanja.

Download sa složbene stranice:
http://www.pci-z.com/

  • PCI-Z 1.2

  • NamjenaPrepoznat će neidentificirane PCI/PCI-E/PCI-X uređaje i olakšati pronalazak drivera
  • PlatformaWindows 2000/XP/Vista/7/8
  • Veličina765 kB

Micorosft Security Essentials

Microsoft Security Essential je antivirusni softver potpuno besplatan za preuzimanje i korištenje onima koji posjeduju legalnu verziju Windows XP, VISTA, Windows 7 ili 8 operativnih sistema.

Napravljen je kao alternativa besplatnim anitvirusnim alatima, ali se tokom rada pokazao boljim i manje zahtjevnim od mnogobrojnih „izvikanih“ rješenja. Pomaže prilikom zaštite od virusa, softvera za špijuniranje podataka i ostalog softvera koji može napraviti štetu na vašem računaru. Lakoća upotrebe, vrlo jednostavan i razumljiv korisnički interface uz vrlo efikasnu jezgru za prepoznavanje i uklanjanje virusa, predstavlja gotovo savršen izbor za kućne korisnike.
Instalacija softvera je vrlo jednostavna i zahtjeva jako malo vremena. Nakon što ste preuzeli odgovarajući paket softvera i pokrenuli instalaciju, softver će pokrenuti postupak provjere valjanosti operativnog sistema. Ukoliko je sa vašom licencom Windows OS-a sve u redu, slijedi malo duži korak koji se odnosi na „update“ baze virusa radi njihovog efikasnog prepoznavanja što omogućuje bezbolan postupak uklanjanja. Ovisno o kvaliteti i brzini internet veze ovaj korak traje najviše par minuta. Kada je baza osvježena i obogaćena podacima, potpisima i profilima novih virusa, biće vam ponuđena opcija da izvršite brzu provjeru (Quick Scan) stanja vašeg sistema. Ovo nije obavezan korak, ali se toplo preporučuje svim novoinstaliranim korisnicima.

U svakom slučaju godinama ga koristim, nikada problema, vrlo jednostavan i brz i uz sve to i besplatan. Također besplatan je i za tvrtke do 10 instalacija.

Microsoft Security Essential